For MF, the upregulated DEGs in AF were chiefly distributed in GO terms of diacylglycerol kinase activity, rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity, phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity, hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferase activity, alpha-N-acetylneuraminate alpha-2,8-sialyltransferase activity, SH3 domain binding, aldehyde-lyase activity, phosphatidylinositol phosphate 4-phosphatase activity, and vascular endothelial growth factor-activated receptor activity (Figure 2(c)). Here, SACM1L is linked to atrial fibrillation.