There was no significant difference among the training, validation, and test cohorts regarding age (p=0.95), sex (p=0.35), smoking (p=0.18), gene mutation status (p=01.00), EGFR-TKI-targeted therapy (p=0.39), ICI therapy (p=0.42), histopathology (p=0.82), tumor stage (p=0.22), median follow-up time (p=0.09), and overall survival (p=0.20). Here, EGFR is linked to neoplasm.