HP and Mental deterioration: Our finding of reduced cognitive decline among AFR individuals with HIV and HP2 alleles is consistent with findings from a cohort study of 466 HIV-negative African-American adults with type 2 diabetes, which found that HP1-1 individuals had poorer cognitive function at baseline and smaller cognitive decline over time compared to other HP genotypes adjusting for key demographic and cardiovascular risk factors (Beeri et al., 2018).