Atorvastatin significantly ameliorated neurological defects and reduced microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after experimental stroke.Atorvastatin increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreased Bacteroidetes abundance, increased fecal butyrate level, promoted intestinal barrier function by elevating the expression of claudin-1, occludin and mucoprotein 2, as well as regulated intestinal immune function.Transplantation of atorvastatin-treated mice fecal microbiota alleviated neuroinflammation in MCAO mice. Here, CLDN1 is linked to stroke disorder.