Some of these genes belong to the NF-kappa B (NF-κB) (PLAU, VCAM1, TNFRSF1A) and/or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (TNFRSF1A and PGF) signaling pathways (47), indicating a differential regulation of the inflammatory response in lungs for both infection outcomes. Here, VCAM1 is linked to infection.