confirmed that MDSCs dramatically promoted tumor sphere formation, cell colony formation, and CSC accumulation, and enhanced the expression of the stemness biomarkers NANOG and c-MYC in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells by inducing the colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2)/p-STAT3 signaling pathway (68). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.