Recently, MDSCs have been shown to promote the stemness of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells through neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 9 (NEDD9) that is required to maintain the stem-like phenotype via the Notch pathway, and in turn, NEDD9 regulates CXCL8 through the ERK pathway to recruit MDSCs into the tumor (66). Here, NEDD9 is linked to neoplasm.