GRN and Crohn disease: For example, alterations in ATG16L1 are linked with decreased intestinal bacterial clearance in Crohn’s disease (Murthy et al., 2014), while heterozygous loss of progranulin caused by loss-of-function mutations in GRN reduced autophagic flux in frontotemporal dementia (Chang et al., 2017) and mutated Vps15 impairs endosomal-lysosomal trafficking in cortical atrophy and epilepsy [Gstrein et al., 2018; for a detailed review, see (Levine and Kroemer, 2019)].