TSC2 and Down syndrome: LGS is associated with a variety of genetic mutations, including ion channel genes (SCN2A, KCNT1, GABRA1, SCN8A, and GABRB3), transcription regulation genes (CHD2), neurocutaneous syndrome-related genes (TSC1 and TSC2), metabolic genes (Alg13), and others (45, 61, 62).