Interestingly, a previous study indicated that TRPV4 was involved in the pathogenesis of COPD, and CSE-induced ATP and IL-1β release in vitro and in vivo (mouse model) was mediated by TRPV4 (Baxter et al., 2014), indicating that TRPV4 may be a potential therapeutic target for COPD. Here, IL1B is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.