NLRP3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: One of the limitations of our study is that, although we demonstrated that TRPV4 mediated CSE-induced pyroptosis via the Ca2+/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD axis in vitro experiments, the significance of pyroptosis and this signaling pathway in COPD pathogenesis still needs further investigation in mouse models and human COPD.