Furthermore, increased value of leptin is one of the factors that raised the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease presence in patients with prediabetes (Vesa et al., 2020) as well, after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) or fat mass, serum leptin levels result positively and independently associated with peripheral artery disease (Zahner et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene LEP and alcoholic fatty liver disease.