As leptin deficiency/resistance has been associated with immune dysregulation and altered cytokine production, impairments of leptin signaling may hinder the cooperative interplay of the immunologic, metabolic, and neuro-endocrinologic processes (White et al., 2013; Guglielmi et al., 2021), potentially playing a role in driving the COVID-19 cytokine storm. Here, LEP is linked to hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.