In this example, lipid content and wing/thorax size are not significantly different between the three genotypes and there is no effect of the GAL4-UAS treatment on obesity; in contrast, when the GAL4-UAS has significantly reduced protein content, lipid:protein standardization gives the false appearance of obesity in the GAL4-UAS treatment group. The gene discussed is LGALS4; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.