In basic studies, the increased expression of IGFBP-2 in the outer cortical glomerulus may be associated with glomerular sclerosis and renal loss in lupus nephritis (Mohammed et al., 2003), and it may inhibit the mesangial proliferation induced by IGF-1 and enhance the extracellular matrix deposition (Wolf et al., 2000). Here, IGFBP2 is linked to lupus nephritis.