VEGFA and neoplasm: In other studies, ginsenoside Rg3 has been shown to inhibit angiogenesis in a variety of tumor models and was shown to inhibit hypoxia-induced VEGF expression in tumor cells (Ge et al., 2014; Li and Qu, 2019; Meng et al., 2019) through regulation of various pathways, such as Akt, ERK, JNK, and STAT3 signaling pathways (Chen et al., 2010; Meng et al., 2019).