VEGFA and neoplasm: For example, ginsenoside Rg3 was found to inhibit EPCs differentiation, proliferation, and migration by suppressing VEGF-dependent p38/ERK and Akt/eNOS signal pathways in vitro (Kim et al., 2012a; Kim et al., 2012b), while also attenuating neo-vessel formation and mobilization of EPCs in vivo, leading to delayed tumor progression and angiogenesis (Kim et al., 2012a).