TNF and neoplasm: A similar conclusion was obtained in a study of ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP), which stimulated macrophages to secrete anti-tumorigenic cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α) while also promoting NK cells to release IFN-γ and granzyme B that inhibited tumor cells activities (Lee et al., 2019a; Lee et al., 2019b).