MTOR and atherosclerosis: A most recent laboratory study proved that berberine could inhibit atherosclerosis by modulating autophagy, promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting cell apoptosis through regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) molecular pathways in apoE knockout mice (Song and Chen, 2021).