Several elegant clinical trials (Keynote-189, IMpower-130, IMpower-150, IMpower-132, and CAMEL) have shown that compared with chemotherapy alone, PD-1 or PD-L1 plus chemotherapy can significantly improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC (non-sq NSCLC), irrespective of the PD-L1 expression level (Gandhi et al., 2018; Socinski et al., 2018; West et al., 2019; Nishio et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.