IL1A and COVID-19: IL1A is upregulated in patients with mild COVID-19 and also enriched in alveolar lavage fluid of severe patients, playing an important role in innate immune virus infection (Shaath et al., 2020) and IL1A, as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays an important role in smoke-induced neutrophilic inflammation, dendritic cell recruitment and activation in CODP patients also plays a central role (Botelho et al., 2011).