PLOD1 and diabetes mellitus: Table 1 compares the characteristics of the two groups, including age, BMI, presence of diabetes and hypertension, and FSH, PROG, PRL, TESTO, LH, and E2 levels. The E2 level was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the POAG group (136.24 ± 193.47 pg/mL) than in the normal group (235.89 ± 316.10 pg/mL). The POAG subjects also had significantly lower E2 levels than the normal subjects in the premenopausal subgroup (223.03 ± 224.93 pg/mL, 389.30 ± 347.02 pg/mL, p = 0.02, respectively) and in the postmenopausal subgroup (27.76 ± 16.63 pg/mL, 31.34 ± 15.14 pg/mL, p = 0.03, respectively).