Consistently, one study showed that pretreatment with 50 μM Mdivi-1 reduced the proportion of apoptotic cells as well as the levels of Bax, cytosolic cytochrome c, and caspase-3 in glutamate-damaged cortical neurons in vitro, implying that Mdivi-1 might reduce neural apoptosis in the brain against the overexpression of glutamate, a primary mechanism of I/R-induced brain injury after ischemic stroke (Zhou et al., 2018). Here, CASP3 is linked to ischemic stroke.