The TGFβ pathway has dual anti- and pro-tumoral activities in cancer cells: in the early stage, it is beneficial for promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [85], while in the advanced stage, it promotes tumor progression and metastasis by enhancing cell motility, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasiveness and stemness [86]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.