In addition, TGFβ signaling is a major modulator of immune cell proliferation, differentiation, development, and survival [87], which suppresses CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and DCs and increases CD4+CD25+ Tregs by promoting the differentiation of M2-type macrophages [88], leading to immunosuppression in HCC. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.