The main findings of this meta-analysis in patients undergoing CA demonstrate: (1) high baseline levels of NT-proBNP, BNP, hsCRP, CITP and IL-6 are strongly associated with recurrence of AF compared to sinus rhythm (2) other biomarkers that were statistically significant but with a lower magnitude of association with AF recurrence include increased baseline levels of ANP, WBC, uric acid and decreased level of eGFR (Fig. 6). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and atrial fibrillation.