These results align with previous studies on CD147 expression in esophageal cancer, describing CD147 overexpression in malignant compared to non-malignant esophageal tissue (Cheng et al. 2006; Feng et al. 2013; Ishibashi et al. 2004; Wan and Wu 2012; Zhang et al. 2018; Zhu et al. 2011). Here, BSG is linked to esophageal cancer.