Plasma levels of CFD (P = 0.002), LEP (P = 0.0629) and DKK3 (P = 0.0116) were found to be downregulated in patients with Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) and invasive BC when compared to controls (healthy controls and patients with benign breast conditions). This evidence concerns the gene DKK3 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.