Data collected from men with no known prostate cancer or BPH available in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) Network study (2015–2020) and for men without prostate cancer recorded in the pre- or early PSA era in the Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) study (1991–1996) have recorded median PSA levels and ages of 0.67 ng/ml and 56 y & and 1.12 ng/ml and 62y respectively23. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate cancer.