The cumulative rates of HCC development according to the serum sPD-1 level are shown in Fig. 1B. The cumulative rates of HCC development at 3, 5, 7, and 10 years were 10.9%, 13.6%, 21.0%, and 25.7%, respectively, in patients with sPD-1 ≤ 447.27 pg/mL (n = 51), and 0%, 5.9%, 8.0%, and 8.0%, respectively, in those with sPD-1 > 447.27 pg/mL (n = 71) (p = 0.031). The gene discussed is HOXD13; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.