In summary, we have observed that anakinra is associated with improved clinical and laboratory indices of inflammation and modulated cytokine levels in patients who developed corticosteroid-refractory ICANS with or without CRS after treatment with CD19 CAR T-cell therapy, but the effects on correlates of CRS were easier to determine than the effects on neurological toxicity. The gene discussed is CD19; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.