Similar to Figures 5A and 5C, TNFR1 overexpression increased the proliferation, migration, invasion, and the phosphorylation levels of ERK, p38 and p65 of ESCC cells, but ATXN2 silence in TNFR1 overexpression cells partially repressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and activation of ERK, p38, and p65 in ESCC cells (Figures 6G−6I and S5C). This evidence concerns the gene ATXN2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.