In humans, mutations in both Lis1 (PAFAH1B1; hereafter called Lis1) and the dynein heavy chain (DYNC1H1) cause the neurodevelopmental disease lissencephaly (Parrini et al., 2016; Reiner et al., 1993). This evidence concerns the gene PAFAH1B1 and lissencephaly spectrum disorders.