Aside from cholangiocytes, mast cells secrete TGF-β1 and induce biliary senescence and other markers of cholestasis (Kyritsi et al., 2021), which is an important feature considering that mast cell migration to portal areas is a key feature and damaging component of cholestasis (Wilcox et al., 1986; Tsuneyama et al., 1999; Jones et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cholestasis.