Aside from alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a biomarker whose sensitivity and specificity for detecting HCC ranges from 39 to 64% and 76–91% (Oka et al., 1994; Okuda et al., 2000; Marrero and Lok, 2004), and complex ultrasound, respectively, a class of more sensitive and specific diagnostic markers of HCC are urged to improve the accuracy of early diagnosis. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.