The mechanism of VPA-induced IR or hyperinsulinemia has yet to be confirmed, but the following are potential mechanisms: 1) VPA is a short-chain and branched-chain fatty acid that can compete with free fatty acids (FFAs) for binding to albumin, increasing the availability of FFAs (121), and FFAs can induce IR via the insulin signaling pathway (82, 122). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperinsulinemia.