FGF23 and left ventricular hypertrophy: Gutierrez et al. (2009) have shown that FGF23 is significantly related to the upgrade in the left ventricular mass index and left ventricular hypertrophy, which is significantly associated with cardiovascular risk. In addition, studies have found that elevated FGF 23 C fragments are independently associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (Seiler et al., 2010).