The study focused on novel targeted therapies for advanced or metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive NSCLC covered by the basic health insurance program of Fujian province in December 2016, measured the changes of demographic and sociological distributions of the insured patients treated with the novel targeted anti-lung cancer medicines before and after the public health insurance coverage, and analyzed the determinants of patient financial burden. Here, EGFR is linked to lung cancer.