APP and Alzheimer disease: While microglia use energy (generated mainly by mitochondria) to clear Aβ plaques, we recently reported over 60% reduction of microglial mitophagy in the hippocampal tissue from an APP/PS1 mouse model, which could be a cause for the reduced phagocytosis of Aβ plaques in AD; mitophagy stimulation increased microglial phagocytosis in the APP/PS1 mice11,55.