APP and neuroblastoma: Both Kaem and Rhap reduced full-length APP, CTF-α (non-amyloidogenic pathway via α-secretase) and CTF-β (amyloidogenic pathway via β-secretase) in these mouse neuroblastoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a possibility of reduction in amounts of CTF-β available to be cleaved to hAβ1–42 via γ-secretase (Extended Data Fig. 1c–f, and further verified in mouse brain detailed below).