It is gratifying that more and more biomarkers for the diagnosis of PJI have been discovered, including α-defensin, leukocyte esterase [LE], interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1b, Procalcitonin and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and so on [25, 26]. Here, TNF is linked to juvenile polyposis syndrome.