IFITM5 and infection: Our results showed a higher expression of IFNs, STAT1, and IFN-stimulated genes (Mx, CCL19, OASL, RSAD2, EIF2AK2, IFITM5, and IFIT5) were increased after infection in resistant chickens, and the expression levels of STAT2, SOCS1, OASL, and EIF2AK2 were higher in H5N1-infected than in susceptible H5N1-infected Ri chickens (Supplementary Table S7).