DMBT1 expression in submucosal macrophages in infants with PDA/CHD anomalies showed significantly more DMBT1-positive macrophages in comparison to infants without PDA or cardiac malformations (median DMBT1 score of macrophages: 2.00 versus 1.38; p = 0.0399; Fig. 2d–f). Here, DMBT1 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.