TNF and cancer: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a population known to have high levels of inflammation and at elevated risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease, the ORAL Surveillance (Safety Study of Tofacitinib Versus Tumor Necrosis Factor [TNF] Inhibitor in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis) study is examining the risk for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with cancer receiving tofacitinib, a JAK1/3 inhibitor, compared with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (NCT02092467) (24,25).