In another report, we analyzed the phenotype (memory/effector maturation subsets and PD-1 expression) and function (production of IFN-γ, IL-2, CCL4[MIP-1β], and/or TNF-α; CD1071/b mobilization, and direct and indirect antiviral activity) of in vitro expanded CD8TC from PLWHA receiving cART who initiated treatment either early or late after infection [21]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and infection.