MAPK8 and severe acute respiratory syndrome: What is more, several SARS-CoV proteins, such as N protein, ORF6 encoded protein, and 3a and 7a proteins were shown to phosphorylate and induce JNK activity in different cell lines potentiating the suggested crucial role of JNK signaling pathway in SARS-CoV infection (Mizutani et al., 2005; Ye et al., 2008; Varshney and Lal, 2011; Fung and Liu, 2017; Hemmat et al., 2021).