The production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β) and NO by infected cells is crucial to infection resistance (Aliberti et al., 1996; Hölscher et al., 1998; Shoda et al., 2001) and can be triggered via TLR2 activation by parasite-derived molecules, such as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and/or glycoinositol phospholipids (GIPLs) (Campos et al., 2001; Camargo et al., 1997; Almeida et al., 2000). Here, TNF is linked to infection.