CXCR4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For example, CXCR4+ TAMs are involved in metastatic spread via promotion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells development in OSCC (99), luminal B breast cancer (100) colorectal cancer (101), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (102), hepatobiliary cancers (103).