Colon carcinoma can also be driven by RAS protein mutations that lead to increased IGF-1 signal transduction pathway activity, elevating gene expression and mitogenicity, promoting the adenoma-carcinoma sequence [34,35]. Tripkovic et al. conducted a study and demonstrated that individuals with colon carcinoma had elevated levels of circulating IGF-1 [36]. Here, IGF1 is linked to carcinoma.