LIF and glioblastoma: In addition, we noticed that 0.5% (1 in 185) GBM cases with LIFHigh/CCL2High were Non G-CIMP, but 22.2% (39 in 176) GBM cases with LIFLow/CCL2Low were Non G-CIMP, indicating that LIF and CCL2 was also positively correlated to the development of Non G-CIMP GBM (Figure S6C).