The beneficial effects of reduced CCR5 expression on CD4+ T cells has been highlighted in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection models, where natural SIV hosts that do not develop AIDS-like symptoms express CCR5 on remarkably lower proportions of CD4+ T cells in blood, lymph nodes and mucosal tissues compared to humans and non-natural SIV hosts such as rhesus macaques (48). The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is AIDS.