Because reduction of viral infection impairs cytokine production (Fig. 5), we analyzed the RNA levels of IL1α, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in Calu3 cells treated with CyPA-specific shRNA before viral infection, and found that CyPA knockdown augmented their expression (IL1α, 757.1 ± 129.9; TNF-α, 843.2 ± 224.1; IL-6, 511.8 ± 253.1; IL-8, 454.7 ± 88.5% of control NT shRNA-treated cells [Fig. 6E]). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and viral infectious disease.