INS and Alzheimer disease: Lira is demonstrated to ameliorate neuroinflammation, improve memory function, and reduce amyloid‐β deposition and oxidative injury in Alzheimer's disease animal model,53, 54, 55 and the mechanisms include but not limited to facilitating insulin signaling pathways, activating cAMP/PKA pathways, and PI3K/Akt pathways, thus restored GLP‐1R level might benefit to exert neuroprotective roles.