CASP3 and cancer: Although we explored and characterized the synergistic anti-cancer mechanism involving DNA damage, ATP inhibition, and ROS generation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic anticancer effects, such as apoptosis-related pathways including caspase-3 activation, suppression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, mitochondrial pathway by stimulating cytochrome c release, will be further investigated in our future research.