The main aims of the present study were to determine (1) whether miR-132-3p expression level is significantly altered in patients with PD as compared with healthy controls; (2) whether miR-132-3p is responsible for microglial activation and neuronal injury; (3) whether miR-132-3p affects the dopaminergic neuron degeneration and neuroinflammation in PD mouse models; and (4) whether miR-132-3p intensifies PD by inhibiting GLRX. The gene discussed is GLRX; the disease is Parkinson disease.