PTGES and ulcerative colitis: mPGES-1 protein is overexpressed in inflamed intestinal mucosa of patients with IBD including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, and mPGES-1 transcription is induced in vitro in human colonocytes in response to stimulation with TNFα, a major cytokine implicated in intestinal inflammation in IBD [28], suggesting the importance of mPGES-1 in the pathogenesis of IBD.