IL1A and bacterial vaginosis: While we did not observe any difference in the coronal sulcus level of IL-1α (a key cytokine increased by BV in the FGT) or in the magnitude of penile IL-1α changes after condomless penile-vaginal sex based on BV status of a man’s female partner, we were underpowered to explore this hypothesis since only 5 female partners had BV.